Development of neonicotinoid resistance in the cotton. Pesticide resistance guidelines for preventing and. The rfenvalerate strain had been selected for 16 consecutive generations on cotton, and the rimidacloprid strain for 12. Aphididae 4 management insecticides if insecticides are used to suppress melon aphid, care should be taken to obtain thorough cover of foliage. However, few studies have described the involvement of ugts in the detoxification of insecticide resistance. The susceptibility to several insecticides of 16 and 8 strains of myzus persicae sulzer and aphis gossypii glover, respectively, received from different european countries in 2001 was investigated. Abstract the resistance to insecticides of three sudanese strains of a. Characterisation of neonicotinoid resistance in the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii from australian cotton a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree doctor of philosophy.
Results and management options after seasons 20022003 and 20032004 conference paper pdf available august 2004 with 49 reads. The cottonmelon aphid, aphis gossypii glover hemiptera. Aphididae, is one of the most economically important insect pests in agriculture and has developed different levels of resistance to broadspectrum insecticides, including. Two amino acid substitutions in acetylcholinesterase associated with pirimicarb and. An insect may employ behavioral strategies or have particular physiological characteristics or modified biochemical mechanisms that enable it to survive in the environment which would be toxic to the normal population, which is otherwise called. Key words bioassay, cotton, watermelon, aphis gossypii, insecticide, resistance monitoring.
Insilico docking studies on insecticide resistance. In addition, the development of resistance to chemical treatments by the aphis gossypii has also been reported 9, 10, 32. Most commonly followed practice to manage sucking insect pests during flushing season in citrus by citrus growers is foliar application of. Soybean aphids, aphis glycines, figure 1 are the most significant insect pest of soybean in minnesota, iowa, north dakota and south dakota. Resistance to a carbamate aldicarb, an organochlorine. Smith and parron have compiled a comprehensive list. Regional susceptibilities to 12 insecticides of melon and cotton aphid, aphis gossypii hemiptera. Aphididae, is a polyphagous species with a worldwide distribution.
Application of the faorecommended method for detecting insecticide resistance in aphis jabae scopoli, sitobion avenae f. Research article effect of insecticide rotation and. It is a notorious vector of many plant viruses that are persistently and nonpersistently transmitted. Resistance to organophosphate, carbamate, cyclodiene organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides are considered as globally widespread. Levels of insecticide resistance, carboxylesterase activity, and carboxylesterase expression were investigated in both omethoateselected resistant and susceptible strains of cotton aphids, aphis gossypii glover. Gossypium hirsutum cotton is the recommended choice of host plant for aphis gossypii. Overexpression of carboxylesterase gene associated with. Insecticide resistance in aphis gossypii female in the original field samples. When compared with a known susceptible strain, the aphids were found to be resistant. Resistance ratios were based on comparisons of the lc 50 s of field populations with the lc 50 s of a susceptible laboratory population. Farmers knowledge and perception gossgpii cotton insect pest problems in c. Leaf distortions caused by aphid feeding provide excellent shelter for the insects, so systemic insecticides are useful.
Cases of insecticide resistance associated with the cotton aphid aphis gossypii have been reported since the mid1960s. Insecticide resistance and its implications for potato. Resistance monitoring detected an unwelcome rise in the proportion of populations showing pirimicarb resistance. Pdf strains of cotton aphid aphis gossypii, glover and the green peach aphid myzus persicae, sulzer were collected from cotton producing farms in. The resistance to pirimicarb of populations of aphis gossypii glover from several glasshouses in england was studied in the laboratory by topical applications of insecticide and by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of aphid esterases.
It has evolved resistance to numerous insecticides around the world due to the application of insecticides. A better understanding of mechanisms by which insecticide resistance occurs and its early detection is desirable to develop effective management. Most of the strains were derived from places known for their aphid resistance problems to conventional insecticides before imidacloprid was introduced. Cotton melon aphids, aphis gossypii, and buckthornpotato aphids, aphis nasturtii, sporadically cause problems on ware potatoes, although very little is known about their insecticide resistance status in. Clone surface and confined by applying a ring of fluon to the exposed lip of. Japanese journal of applied entomology and zoology, 392. European monitoring of resistance to insecticides in myzus. In nature, aphids are regulated by their natural enemies. High resistance of field populations of the cotton aphid. Resistance of two strains of cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, to fenvalerate and imidacloprid were determined on cotton gossypium hirsutum l.
The purpose of this study is to establish the molecular basis of vatgene mediated resistance against the cotton melon aphid aphis gossypii in melon cucumis melo. Aphididae, is a highly polyphagous sap sucking pest on wide varieties of crops including cotton and vegetables. During 1988, resistance to the pyrethroids bifenthrin. Insilico docking studies on insecticide resistance acetylcholinesterase ache gene in aphis gossypii and bemisia tabaci ijirst volume 1 issue 6 016. Other aphids are similar in appearance to aphis gossypii glover, the melon or cotton aphid. In aphis gossypii bottom the cauda is pale to dusky and has two or three pairs of setae, in aphis spiraecola top the cauda is dark brown to black and has five or. Aspects of insecticide resistance in the melon and cotton aphid, aphis gossypii hemiptera. Pdf melon aphid aphis gossypii resistance to pesticides.
Characterisation of neonicotinoid resistance in the cotton. Insecticide resistance in aphis gossypii glover hemiptera. First results obtained in the central african empire on the chemical control of aphis gossypii glover, vector of a virosis of cotton. Aphididae under central indian conditions in citrus a. Characterisation of neonicotinoid resistance in the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii from australian cotton a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree doctor of philosophy from university of technology sydney by kate l. Aphis gossypii cotton aphid is mainly a glasshouse pest that occurs very occasionally on potato crops in the uk. Characterisation of insensitive acetylcholinesterase in insecticide. Resistance alert for cotton aphid aphis gossypii irac. These gsts are found to play an important role in lipid peroxidation as well as detoxification. When compared with a known susceptible population, the aphids were found to be resistant to pirimicarb. Insecticide resistance in the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii.
Two week old cotton seedlings are cut at the petiole leaving the petiole long enough to reach the base of the vial with sharp scissors and. Ethiopia, to determine the best insecticide rotation sequence and use of compatible mixtures in the insecticide resistance management strategy for cotton aphid, aphis gossypii. Cotton aphids, aphis gossypii glover, were collected for 3 yr from cotton fields in alabama and texas, and screened for resistance to four pyre throed and eight oregano phosphate insecticides. The evolution of insecticide resistance in the peach. Aphis gossypii hemipteraaphididae commonly known as cotton or melon aphid is.
Abstract populations of cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, were surveyed for insecticide resistance. The cotton aphid aphis gossypii is an important sucking pest that causes severe crop losses in fields and greenhouses. For 16 populations of the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, from hawaii, comparisons of lc50s showed up to 3. However, chemical control remains a major management tool even though. Esterase variation and insecticide resistance in japanese aphis gossypii esterase variation and insecticide resistance in japanese aphis gossypii takada, h murakami, y. Samples of the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, populations collected from the vicinity of multan in central pakistan from 1997 to 2000 were evaluated for pyrethroid resistance in comparison with a susceptible laboratory colony using a leafdip bioassay. The cotton aphid aphis gossypii glover, is a serious pest of cotton and has been reported. Current status of insecticide resistance in aphis gossypii and aphis. Studies on aphis gossypii cytochrome p450s cyp6cy22 and. Insecticide resistance in clones of the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover homoptera. Frontiers thiamethoxam resistance in aphis gossypii. Insecta, aphids, cotton aphid, insecticide resistance. The first report of resistance in this species dates back to 1955 anthon, 1955 with resistance now reported to most classes of insecticide, including the organophosphates. The resistance to insecticides of three sudanese strains of a.
Insecticide resistance in cotton aphid aphis gossypii. Molecular screening of insecticides with sigma glutathione. Elkady 2007 insecticide resistance in the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover in egypt 45 table 2. Insecticide resistance in field populations of the cotton aphid. Results and management options for after seasons 19992000, 20002001 and 20012002.
The effect of esterase activity in resistance of aphis. Pirimicarb resistance in the melon and cotton aphid, aphis. In this study, we determined the insecticide susceptibility of five fieldcollected populations of a. Insecticide susceptibility was determined by performing bioassays and using the. Insecticide resistance in the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii is a world wide problem that threatens the horticultural industry. Melon aphid or cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover insecta. Insecticide resistance patterns in field colonies of.
Cotton aphid, aphis gossypii is the most damaging sucking pest with a wide range of hosts and vector of more than 50 plant viruses. More recently there have been substantive reports of resistance to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators irac. Tsxonomia trichome density resulted in fewer aphids and less virus disease in ashgourd, benincasa hispida khan et al. Occurrence and fecundity of two color forms in aphis gossypii glover homoptera. Quantification of the pirimicarb resistance allele. Insecticide resistance in cotton aphid aphis gossypii glov. Association between biochemical markers and insecticide resistance in the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover. Various insecticides from different groups have failed to control this pest 9, 12. Field isolates of aphis gossypii collected during the 20112012 season showing pirimicarb resistance status determined by individual pcrrflp. Crossresistance of aphis gossypii to selected insecticides on cotton.
Relationship of insecticide resistance to carboxylesterases aphis. Current status of insecticide resistance in aphis gossypii and aphis spiraecola hemiptera. Aphididae, and synergistic effect of esterase and mixedfunction oxidase inhibitors. The complexity of plantinsect interactions makes it difficult to determine which anatomical adaptations, metabolic pathways, and defense mechanisms are important in protecting the plant against phloemfeeding insects. Pdf insilico docking studies on insecticide resistance. Discussion the principle of quantification equation 6 states that the ratio of fluorescence from the two allele specific reporter dyes is. Biochemical characterization of detoxifying enzymes in. Aphididae and a point mutation associated with imidacloprid resistance. Insecticide resistance in field populations of the cotton.
The cotton aphid aphis gossypii glover is one of the most destructive insect pests. Application of the faorecommended method for detecting. One other species commonly encountered is aphis spiraecola patch, the spirea aphid. Current status of insecticide resistance in aphis gossypii. Other than this, there was no consistency in the level of resistance and host plant. Randomized complete block design having eight treatment combinations and four replications were used. Pdf final report insecticide resistance in cotton aphid. The melon aphid, aphis gossypii glover, is considered one of the most destructive aphids in the united states, attacking at least 64 plant species, including several cucurbit. Current status of insecticide resistance in aphis gossypii and aphis spiraecola. Populations of cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, were surveyed for insecticide resistance. The insects wide host range, high fecundity rate, as.