Pdf strains of cotton aphid aphis gossypii, glover and the green peach aphid myzus persicae, sulzer were collected from cotton producing farms in. Aspects of insecticide resistance in the melon and cotton aphid, aphis gossypii hemiptera. Two week old cotton seedlings are cut at the petiole leaving the petiole long enough to reach the base of the vial with sharp scissors and. Other aphids are similar in appearance to aphis gossypii glover, the melon or cotton aphid. Abstract the resistance to insecticides of three sudanese strains of a. Leaf distortions caused by aphid feeding provide excellent shelter for the insects, so systemic insecticides are useful. Insecticide resistance in cotton aphid aphis gossypii. Cotton melon aphids, aphis gossypii, and buckthornpotato aphids, aphis nasturtii, sporadically cause problems on ware potatoes, although very little is known about their insecticide resistance status in. When compared with a known susceptible strain, the aphids were found to be resistant. Aphididae, is a polyphagous species with a worldwide distribution.
Soybean aphids, aphis glycines, figure 1 are the most significant insect pest of soybean in minnesota, iowa, north dakota and south dakota. Resistance to a carbamate aldicarb, an organochlorine. Abstract populations of cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, were surveyed for insecticide resistance. Molecular screening of insecticides with sigma glutathione. Elkady 2007 insecticide resistance in the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover in egypt 45 table 2. In this study, we determined the insecticide susceptibility of five fieldcollected populations of a. The effect of esterase activity in resistance of aphis. The evolution of insecticide resistance in the peach. These gsts are found to play an important role in lipid peroxidation as well as detoxification. Characterisation of neonicotinoid resistance in the cotton. The cotton aphid aphis gossypii glover, is a serious pest of cotton and has been reported.
Insecticide resistance in field populations of the cotton aphid. Characterisation of insensitive acetylcholinesterase in insecticide. In nature, aphids are regulated by their natural enemies. Japanese journal of applied entomology and zoology, 392. Regional susceptibilities to 12 insecticides of melon and cotton aphid, aphis gossypii hemiptera. Cotton aphids, aphis gossypii glover, were collected for 3 yr from cotton fields in alabama and texas, and screened for resistance to four pyre throed and eight oregano phosphate insecticides. Current status of insecticide resistance in aphis gossypii and aphis.
Insilico docking studies on insecticide resistance acetylcholinesterase ache gene in aphis gossypii and bemisia tabaci ijirst volume 1 issue 6 016. Levels of insecticide resistance, carboxylesterase activity, and carboxylesterase expression were investigated in both omethoateselected resistant and susceptible strains of cotton aphids, aphis gossypii glover. One other species commonly encountered is aphis spiraecola patch, the spirea aphid. Pirimicarb resistance in the melon and cotton aphid, aphis.
Aphididae under central indian conditions in citrus a. An insect may employ behavioral strategies or have particular physiological characteristics or modified biochemical mechanisms that enable it to survive in the environment which would be toxic to the normal population, which is otherwise called. Insecticide resistance in aphis gossypii female in the original field samples. Aphis gossypii hemipteraaphididae commonly known as cotton or melon aphid is. In addition, the development of resistance to chemical treatments by the aphis gossypii has also been reported 9, 10, 32. During 1988, resistance to the pyrethroids bifenthrin.
Tsxonomia trichome density resulted in fewer aphids and less virus disease in ashgourd, benincasa hispida khan et al. Ethiopia, to determine the best insecticide rotation sequence and use of compatible mixtures in the insecticide resistance management strategy for cotton aphid, aphis gossypii. Pdf melon aphid aphis gossypii resistance to pesticides. More recently there have been substantive reports of resistance to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators irac. Pesticide resistance guidelines for preventing and. Most of the strains were derived from places known for their aphid resistance problems to conventional insecticides before imidacloprid was introduced. Cotton aphid, aphis gossypii is the most damaging sucking pest with a wide range of hosts and vector of more than 50 plant viruses. Pirimicarb, organophosphate, endosulfan and pyrethroid resistance was identified. Studies on aphis gossypii cytochrome p450s cyp6cy22 and. Characterisation of neonicotinoid resistance in the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii from australian cotton a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree doctor of philosophy. Melon aphid or cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover. Application of the faorecommended method for detecting.
Resistance to organophosphate, carbamate, cyclodiene organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides are considered as globally widespread. The resistance to pirimicarb of populations of aphis gossypii glover from several glasshouses in england was studied in the laboratory by topical applications of insecticide and by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of aphid esterases. Biochemical characterization of detoxifying enzymes in. Esterase variation and insecticide resistance in japanese aphis gossypii esterase variation and insecticide resistance in japanese aphis gossypii takada, h murakami, y. Insecticide resistance in aphis gossypii glover hemiptera. The rfenvalerate strain had been selected for 16 consecutive generations on cotton, and the rimidacloprid strain for 12. Pdf insilico docking studies on insecticide resistance. Occurrence and fecundity of two color forms in aphis gossypii glover homoptera. High resistance of field populations of the cotton aphid. The purpose of this study is to establish the molecular basis of vatgene mediated resistance against the cotton melon aphid aphis gossypii in melon cucumis melo. Characterisation of neonicotinoid resistance in the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii from australian cotton a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree doctor of philosophy from university of technology sydney by kate l. The first report of resistance in this species dates back to 1955 anthon, 1955 with resistance now reported to most classes of insecticide, including the organophosphates.
The resistance patterns and biochemical basis underlying op resistance, especially dimethoate, in indian populations of a. Resistance ratios were based on comparisons of the lc 50 s of field populations with the lc 50 s of a susceptible laboratory population. Insecticide resistance in field populations of the cotton. Crossresistance of a fenvalerateresistant rfenvalerate strain and an imidaclopridresistant rimidacloprid strain of the cotton aphid aphis gossypiiglover to. Results and management options for after seasons 19992000, 20002001 and 20012002. Research article effect of insecticide rotation and. Insecticide resistance in the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii. For 16 populations of the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, from hawaii, comparisons of lc50s showed up to 3.
Samples of the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, populations collected from the vicinity of multan in central pakistan from 1997 to 2000 were evaluated for pyrethroid resistance in comparison with a susceptible laboratory colony using a leafdip bioassay. The cotton aphid aphis gossypii glover is one of the most destructive insect pests. Field isolates of aphis gossypii collected during the 20112012 season showing pirimicarb resistance status determined by individual pcrrflp. The insects wide host range, high fecundity rate, as. Insecticide resistance in the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii is a world wide problem that threatens the horticultural industry. Overexpression of carboxylesterase gene associated with. Current status of insecticide resistance in aphis gossypii and aphis spiraecola hemiptera.
Choice of host plant should be recorded for future reference. Insecticide susceptibility was determined by performing bioassays and using the. Relationship of insecticide resistance to carboxylesterases aphis. The melon aphid, aphis gossypii glover, is considered one of the most destructive aphids in the united states, attacking at least 64 plant species, including several cucurbit. Quantification of the pirimicarb resistance allele.
Association between biochemical markers and insecticide resistance in the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover. However, chemical control remains a major management tool even though. Farmers knowledge and perception gossgpii cotton insect pest problems in c. Development of insecticide resistance in this pest creates new challenges for effective soybean pest management and profitable soybean production. Development of neonicotinoid resistance in the cotton. A better understanding of mechanisms by which insecticide resistance occurs and its early detection is desirable to develop effective management. Crossresistance of aphis gossypii to selected insecticides on cotton. Most commonly followed practice to manage sucking insect pests during flushing season in citrus by citrus growers is foliar application of. Frontiers thiamethoxam resistance in aphis gossypii. Cases of insecticide resistance associated with the cotton aphid aphis gossypii have been reported since the mid1960s. Resistant cotton aphids, aphis gossypii glover homoptera. Crossresistance of a fenvalerateresistant rfenvalerate strain and an imidaclopridresistant rimidacloprid strain of the cotton aphidaphis gossypii glover to methomyl, endosulfan and omethoate was determined on cotton and cucumber in the laboratory. Insecticide resistance and its implications for potato.
Randomized complete block design having eight treatment combinations and four replications were used. First results obtained in the central african empire on the chemical control of aphis gossypii glover, vector of a virosis of cotton. Current status of insecticide resistance in aphis gossypii and aphis spiraecola. Aphididae and a point mutation associated with imidacloprid resistance. Melon aphid or cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover insecta. However, few studies have described the involvement of ugts in the detoxification of insecticide resistance.
Results and management options after seasons 20022003 and 20032004 conference paper pdf available august 2004 with 49 reads. Aphididae 4 management insecticides if insecticides are used to suppress melon aphid, care should be taken to obtain thorough cover of foliage. When compared with a known susceptible population, the aphids were found to be resistant to pirimicarb. Murakami aphis gossypii laboratory of entomology, faculty of agriculture, kyoto prefectural university, shimogamo, ky6to, 606 japan accepted. Insilico docking studies on insecticide resistance. The cotton aphid aphis gossypii is an important sucking pest that causes severe crop losses in fields and greenhouses. Resistance of two strains of cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, to fenvalerate and imidacloprid were determined on cotton gossypium hirsutum l. Aphididae, is a highly polyphagous sap sucking pest on wide varieties of crops including cotton and vegetables. Insecticide resistance in clones of the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover homoptera. Aphididae, and synergistic effect of esterase and mixedfunction oxidase inhibitors. Key words bioassay, cotton, watermelon, aphis gossypii, insecticide, resistance monitoring. Discussion the principle of quantification equation 6 states that the ratio of fluorescence from the two allele specific reporter dyes is. The susceptibility to several insecticides of 16 and 8 strains of myzus persicae sulzer and aphis gossypii glover, respectively, received from different european countries in 2001 was investigated.
Application of the faorecommended method for detecting insecticide resistance in aphis jabae scopoli, sitobion avenae f. Resistance monitoring detected an unwelcome rise in the proportion of populations showing pirimicarb resistance. Populations of cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, were surveyed for insecticide resistance. Current status of insecticide resistance in aphis gossypii. Insecticide resistance in cotton aphid aphis gossypii glov. Clone surface and confined by applying a ring of fluon to the exposed lip of.
It has evolved resistance to numerous insecticides around the world due to the application of insecticides. Aphididae, is one of the most economically important insect pests in agriculture and has developed different levels of resistance to broadspectrum insecticides, including. Two amino acid substitutions in acetylcholinesterase associated with pirimicarb and. Various insecticides from different groups have failed to control this pest 9, 12. The resistance to insecticides of three sudanese strains of a. Smith and parron have compiled a comprehensive list. It is a notorious vector of many plant viruses that are persistently and nonpersistently transmitted. Insecta, aphids, cotton aphid, insecticide resistance. The cottonmelon aphid, aphis gossypii glover hemiptera. A neonicotinoidresistant aphis gossypii glover population was first detected from cucumber and sweet pepper crops in miyazaki prefecture, japan, in april 2012. In aphis gossypii bottom the cauda is pale to dusky and has two or three pairs of setae, in aphis spiraecola top the cauda is dark brown to black and has five or. Pdf final report insecticide resistance in cotton aphid. Gossypium hirsutum cotton is the recommended choice of host plant for aphis gossypii. Aphis gossypii cotton aphid is mainly a glasshouse pest that occurs very occasionally on potato crops in the uk.